The maximum rated sound level (where all amplifiers are putting out their rated power) is 0 dB.
The movie industry masters their soundtracks in a specific way. This metadata parameter tells the decoder how far away from the reference level the average sound pressure level of the material's dialogue is. Referencing Volume to a Known Level - Dialogue Normalization To meet the Dolby Digital requirement that different programs should have approximately the same listening level (thus the consumer does not have to adjust volume level between programs), Dolby Digital incorporates a parameter called dialogue Normalization. Typical bitrates used are 192 kbps for 2/0 program material, and 448 kbps for 5.1 program material. Obviously, higher bitrates allow for less compression. The other major basic parameter is the bitrate. This parameter should obviously be set to the number of channels of program material you will be encoding. 3/2.1 represents a standard '5.1' setup, of Front Left, Front Right, Front Center, Rear Left, Rear Right, and LFE.
2/0 represents normal left and right stereo sound. The first is the channel combination, presented as (Number of front channels)/(Number of rear channels), with an optional '.1' added to represent a low-frequency-effects (LFE) channel if present. Basic Parameters Every Dolby Digital encoder has some basic parameters that need to be set. These methods should also work for BeSweet, Vegas Video + DVD, Scenarist, and other software-based encoders. I have personally tested the Sonic Foundry 5.1 Plug-In Pack for ACID Pro, as well as Sonic Foundry Soft Encode. All Dolby-certified encoders (and some non-certified ones) will have the appropriate parameters available to follow this procedure. Decoder Specifics The methods I'm about to present here for encoding Dolby Digital are generic and do not apply specifically to any one encoder. Further, Dolby Digital allows for different program material to be equalized, so that volume does not have to be adjusted when switching between inherently quiet programs and inherently loud programs. Low-volume sounds are boosted automatically so they can be heard, whereas high-volume sounds are quieted down so that speakers aren't blown and other persons in the home are not disturbed. Dolby's answer is to allow the decoder to modify the sound to compensate for these problems. Further, background noise in the home can easily drown out those subtleties in the soundtrack. This is a major problem - most homes don't have the speakers and amplifiers necessary to shake the living room. Dolby's dilemma was: 'How do we bring this audio, with its huge dynamic range, into the home?' Huge dynamic ranges are possible, where the slightest whisper of dialogue is audible, yet gunshots and explosions can be earth-shattering. The movie industry has a huge advantage when producing audio for the theater - the theater has large speakers and amplifiers, and a quiet, near-ideal listening environment. Most audio destined for DVDs is audio originally recorded for use in the movie theater. Of prime example is the current problem: Why is Dolby Digital so much quieter compared to my original sound? As such, there is often confusion about their methods and philosophy to those of us who are not privy to that information. Philosophy of Dolby Digital Dolby Labs has been doing high-quality audio with cutting-edge techniques for a long time, using their past experience as a guide. You will need to view these.pdf documents. The other is which gives an excellent explanation of the dialogue Normalization parameter. The first is, which has the best information on Dynamic Range Compression. References The primary references for the information contained in this guide are two guides on Dolby's web site.
This guide aims to educate about how Dolby Digital audio should be encoded, and how to make it sound best. These problems are primarily volume-related, with some dynamic range compression issues as well.
How to Properly Encode Dolby Digital Audio (AC3) Introduction Many people on the forum have experienced problems when encoding audio using Dolby Digital.
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